Preeclampsia Symptoms and Warning Signs: What Every Expecting Mother Should Know

What Is Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a condition that typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs such as the liver or kidneys. It can progress rapidly and cause severe complications if not monitored and treated promptly.

Why Is It Dangerous?

If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to:

• Eclampsia (seizures)
• HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count)
• Organ failure
• Preterm birth
• Stillbirth in severe cases

Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical in preventing these outcomes.

Common Symptoms and Warning Signs of Preeclampsia

1. High Blood Pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher)
   Regular blood pressure monitoring during prenatal visits is crucial. If levels are consistently high, it’s a red flag.
2. Swelling (Edema)
   Especially in the hands, feet, and face. Sudden swelling, even if not painful, should not be ignored.
3. Severe Headaches
   Persistent headaches that don’t go away with rest or medication could signal preeclampsia.
4. Visual Disturbances
   Blurry vision, seeing spots, or temporary loss of vision are signs of neurological involvement.
5. Upper Abdominal Pain (especially under the ribs on the right side)
   This may be related to liver involvement and is often overlooked.
6. Nausea or Vomiting (in later pregnancy)
   This is not the typical morning sickness. If it develops suddenly in the second or third trimester, it could be related to preeclampsia.
7. Shortness of Breath or Chest Pain
   May be due to fluid in the lungs, a rare but severe complication.
8. Low Urine Output or Protein in Urine
   Detected during routine prenatal tests, this indicates kidney dysfunction.

Sneha’s Story

Sneha, a 29-year-old from Bangalore, was in her third trimester and had been enjoying a fairly normal pregnancy. At 31 weeks, she began experiencing swelling in her feet and hands. She brushed it off as a common pregnancy issue.

At her next checkup, her blood pressure was recorded at 150/95 mmHg. Her doctor immediately ordered a urine protein test and a liver function panel — the results confirmed preeclampsia. Sneha was admitted to the hospital and monitored closely.

Thanks to early detection, she delivered a healthy baby boy via induced labor at 36 weeks. Her symptoms resolved postpartum, and both mother and baby recovered well.

Who Is at Risk?

You’re at higher risk if you:

• Have a history of preeclampsia
• Are carrying multiple babies
• Have chronic hypertension or kidney disease
• Are over 35 or under 18
• Are obese (BMI over 30)
• Have autoimmune conditions like lupus

Diagnosis and Monitoring

Preeclampsia is diagnosed through:

• Blood pressure monitoring
• Urinalysis (checking for protein)
• Blood tests (liver enzymes, platelet count)
• Ultrasounds for fetal growth
• Doppler scans for blood flow to the placenta

How It’s Treated

There’s no cure for preeclampsia except delivery. Depending on the gestational age and severity:

• Mild cases: Monitoring, rest, and medication to control BP
• Severe cases: Hospitalization, magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures, and possibly early delivery

Long-Term Effects

For most women, preeclampsia symptoms resolve after birth. However, some may experience:

• Postpartum preeclampsia
• Increased risk of future cardiovascular disease
• Future pregnancy risks

How You Can Reduce Your Risk

While not always preventable, you can lower your risk by:

• Attending regular prenatal checkups
• Monitoring your blood pressure at home
• Eating a balanced diet with low sodium
• Staying active (unless advised otherwise)
• Managing chronic conditions effectively

When to Call Your Doctor

Contact your doctor immediately if you notice:

• Severe headache
• Vision changes
• Sudden swelling
• Shortness of breath
• Severe abdominal pain

Internal Resources You May Like

• Postpartum Stress: How to Cope After Delivery
• What to Know Before You Start Trying for a Baby
• Understanding Postpartum Eclampsia: Causes, Risks & Care

Conclusion

Preeclampsia may sound frightening, but with the right care, monitoring, and awareness of symptoms, it can be managed effectively. Never ignore what your body is telling you — early action could save both you and your baby.